What is fascism, 1932 benito mussolini 18831945 over the course of his lifetime went from socialism he was editor of avanti, a socialist newspaper to the leadership of a new political movement called. Wwii germany audio and video a compilation of primary source audio and video put on the web. Modern history wikibooks, open books for an open world. The ihsp recognizes the contribution of fordham university, the fordham university history department, and the fordham center for medieval studies in providing web space and server support for the. Pbs online a great source for information on a myriad of historical events and personalities. Mussolini wished to stir up a united front of nationalism within his people. Kertzer recently won a pulitzer prize for his book. Mussolini by laura fermi, 1966 online research library. Benito mussolini created the fascist party in italy in 1919, eventually making himself dictator prior to world war ii. Mussolini had grandiose visions of building a new italian empire, to replicate the glories of ancient rome. Undercover in fascist italy interactive a major decisionmaking simulation, complete with a worksheet, which provides a thorough investigation of mussolinis domestic policies.
Rome is a very old city, by most estimates, over 2800 years old. During the great war, mussolini was expelled from the socialist party for. Richard bosworth is one of the worlds leading authorities on modern italian history. Benito mussolini has 70 books on goodreads with 3288 ratings.
Mussolini has always been a puzzle for me and after reading this book he remains a puzzle. A history of italy since 1796, an expert on italian history, chronicles mussolinis rise, reign, and fall through a close examination of journals, letters, telegrams, and other textual artifacts from before and during wwii. You can print them as you come to them in course, print them out all now, or buy them in a lowcost workbook, called ep modern history printables. This book examines mussolinis legacy and reveals why he continues to be both revered and reviled by the italian people. Benito mussolini was an italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of italy from 1925 to 1945. In most respects, they could not have been more different.
Madeleine albright warns of a new fascismand trump the new. There are a few good biographies about benito mussolini but there are very few that are written in english, especially compared to hitler or stalin, as an example. But the incident and the tenor of our times reflect why madeleine albright, who fled european fascism as a child and became americas first. The neofascist movement that most influenced casapound, terza posizione, was founded in 1978. What is fascism, 1932 benito mussolini 18831945 over the course of his lifetime went from socialism he was editor of avanti, a socialist newspaper to the leadership of a new political movement called fascism after fasces, the symbol of bound sticks used a totem of power in ancient rome. This source book examines the development of italian fascism, and surveys the themes and issues of the movement. K samuels there is a dirty little secret that has received little attention. A supremely readable and enjoyable study of a colorful, often astonishing and modern character. Students will engage with readings, videos, political cartoons and photographs as they. All direct quotes in the book are drawn from historical sources, and.
During the great war, mussolini was expelled from the socialist party for advocating italys entrance into battle. As dictator of italy and founder of fascism, mussolini. Benito mussolini 18831945 over the course of his lifetime went from socialism he was editor of avanti, a socialist newspaper to the leadership of a new political movement called fascism after fasces, the symbol of bound sticks used a totem of power in ancient rome mussolini came to power after the march on rome in 1922, and was appointed prime minister by king. Mussolini came to power after the march on rome in 1922, and was appointed prime minister by king victor emmanuel. The anatomy of fascism will have a lasting impact on our understanding of modern european history, just as paxtons classic vichy france redefined our vision of world war ii. Primary sources are available here primarily for use in highschool and universitycollege courses. The fascist accepts life and loves it, knowing nothing of and despising suicide. The internet modern history sourcebook is one of series of history primary sourcebooks. This is a complex book about a complex man who ultimately wound up on the losing side of history. Civilian internment in fascist italy 19401943 routledge studies in the modern history of italy 97818333086.
As a close ally of adolf hitler during world war ii, he is considered a central figure in the birth of european fascism. If you copy instead of link content from elsewhere into this book, for example content from wikipedia or public domain sources, then you must credit the source of such copied text. Given his fathers political leanings, mussolini was named benito after liberal mexican president benito juarez, while his middle names, andrea and amilcare, were for italian socialists. Pope and mussolini tells the secret history of fascism. The fascist experience in italy routledge sources in history. Benito mussolini july 29, 1883april 28, 1945 served as italys 40th prime minister from 1922 to 1943. Creation of stubs linking to wikisource and wikipedia is in progress.
The sourcebook is a collection of public domain and copypermitted texts for introductory level classes in modern european and world history. From the outset the site took a very broad view of the sources that should be available to. Mussolini s remark on royal assassination was a paraphrase of umberto is own comment on avoiding the murder attempt by pietro acciarito in 1897. Pbss assorted and diverse web exhibits supplement specific individual television series and generally include a resume of each episode, interviews often with sound bites, a timeline, a glossary, photos, and links to relevant sites. This is a primary source document in which mussolini considers and explains the benefits of his fascist system and contrasts it with communism and democracy. Nazi propaganda gallery this page has 6 propaganda images. In 1945, disguised in german greatcoat and helmet, mussolini attempted to escape from the advancing allied armies. Based on a lifetime of research, this compelling and important book transforms our knowledge of fascismthe major political innovation of the twentieth century, and. Hibbert traces mussolini s unstoppable rise to power and details the nuances of his facist ideology. One was scholarly and devout, the other thuggish and profane.
Apr 22, 2015 an extensive history of hitlers life, including his rise to power, military achievements and failures, ideology, and what he left behind in his wake. What is fascism, 1932 benito mussolini 18831945 over the course of his lifetime went from socialism he was editor of avanti, a socialist newspaper to the leadership of a new political movement called fascism after fasces, the symbol of. Despite their personal differences, hitler and mussolini did manage a degree of cooperation. Benito mussolini made an early name for himself as a journalist and political polemicist. English transcriptions and translations fucile 91 documentation concerning the rifle 91, but also the history of those had to use it to defend the country, their principles or their lives. A new book about mussolini is provoking a debate over his legacy. Oct 20, 2008 in the sixtytwo years in between those two fateful afternoons mussolini lived one of the most dramatic lives in modern history. In 1943, mussolini was replaced as prime minister and served as the head of the italian social republic until his capture and execution by italian partisans in 1945. The pope and mussolini is a history book club main selection for march 2014. Mussolinis architectural legacy in rome rome on rome. In the italian imagination, mussolini remains a kind of totem, a figure of great. The internet medieval sourcebook, and other medieval components of the project, are located at the fordham university center for medieval studies. George washington carver, the transcontinental railroad.
From the conclusion of world war i and the worldwide depression that followed rose a political and social movement that shaped world history. Unfortunately for him, the convoy of which he was part was stopped by partisans and his features, made so familiar by fascist propaganda, gave him away. Buy the fascist experience in italy routledge sources in history 1 by john pollard isbn. Jan 02, 2020 benito mussolini created the fascist party in italy in 1919, eventually making himself dictator prior to world war ii.
The classical city was mostly built between the 1st century bc and the 4 th century ad. The classical city was mostly built between the 1st century bc and the 4. Very comprehensive, and like all spartacus articles, contains links within the text to relevant info. The rise of italian fascism and its influence on europe dpla. The ten best history books of 2019 history smithsonian. Europe history modern history primary sources subject and. The actual source of this, interestingly, is from an italian encyclopedia article which mussolini wrote. Truth, justice, and the birth of the superhero comic book. You can literally wander from the 8 th century bc to the 21 st century in a days walk. Benito mussolinis father, alessandro mussolini, was a blacksmith and a socialist, while his mother, rosa nee maltoni, was a devout catholic schoolteacher. The name comes from fasces, a bundle of rods with a projecting ax blade, which was used as symbol by the early etruscans and ancient romans to indicate power and strength through unity. In the sixtytwo years in between those two fateful afternoons mussolini lived one of the most dramatic lives in modern history. Mussolini on fascism internet history sourcebooks fordham. Modern history hitler hitler best of history web sites.
The betar naval academy was a jewish naval training school established in civitavecchia, italy in 1934 by the revisionist zionist movement under the direction of zeev jabotinsky, with the agreement of benito mussolini. It claimed to reject both capitalism and communism, and. It claimed to reject both capitalism and communism, and like casapound tried to revive. See introduction for an explanation of the sourcebooks goals. Fascism in europe internet history sourcebooks fordham. List of books and articles about benito mussolini online.
It is the untold narrative about the historical and socioeconomic context behind italian fascism and the german national socialism. The internet ancient history sourcebook has expanded greatly since its creation, and now contains hundred of local files as well as links to source texts throughout the net. Historian david kertzer says the catholic church lent strength and legitimacy to mussolinis fascist regime. Early career his father, an ardent socialist, was a blacksmith. Madeleine albright warns of a new fascismand trump the. Italy was strongly criticised in the league of nations, however, hitler who had pulled germany out of the league in 1933 backed mussolinis action. Mussolinis remark on royal assassination was a paraphrase of umberto is own comment on avoiding the murder attempt by pietro acciarito in 1897. Online text in translation of mussolinis 1932 writings on fascism. Benito mussolinis most popular book is the doctrine of fascism. In october 1935 italian troops invaded and occupied much of abyssinia. The titular head of the academy was the italian maritime scientist nicola fusco but betar leader jeremiah halpern ran the school and was its driving force. Originally a revolutionary socialist, he forged the paramilitary fascist movement in. This book examines mussolini s legacy and reveals why he continues to be both revered and reviled by the italian people. I liked this book in comparison to the authors book on fascist italy which was.
But, in the end, the only thing he united was their hatred and contempt for him as a despotic leader. There are worksheets you are asked to print out throughout the year. This book will appeal to readers interested in modern history, politics, and international relations. Hibbert traces mussolinis unstoppable rise to power and details the nuances of his facist ideology. Feb 22, 2018 the neofascist movement that most influenced casapound, terza posizione, was founded in 1978. The second world war or world war ii was the costliest war in. He had a jewish mistress and yet drifted into an alliance with hitler. It is intended to serve the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern european history and american history, as well as in modern western civilization and world cultures. In this provocative new book, paul hollander seeks to explain the appeal of dictators to idealistic intellectuals, and demonstrates the circumstances conducive to the rise of dictatorship and political hero worship. Main article primary sources 1 benito mussolini, speech 1929 in the creation of a new state which is authoritarian but not absolutist, hierarchical and organic namely, open to the people in all its classes, categories and interests lies the great revolutionary originality of fascism, and a teaching perhaps for the whole modern world oscillating between the authority of the state and. The fascist movement that has brought mussolini back to. With extraordinary skill and vividness, drawing on a huge range of sources. What is fascism, 1932facism in mussolini s own words. Benito mussolini 18831945 over the course of his lifetime went from socialism he was.
Italy was a source of ideological, historical and cultural inspiration for the zionist revisionists of the 1920s and 1930s. There were several twists and turns in the life of benito mussolini, and this book will take you through them all. A memorial was built at mussolinis birthplace, and every party member was recommended to go on a religious pilgrimage there and take an oath of loyalty and devotion to il duce. Mussolini taught briefly and lived 19024 in switzerland to avoid military service. The digital public library of america brings together the riches of americas libraries, archives, and museums, and makes them freely available to the world. How, just like modern liberals, mussolini promised a third way that went beyond tired categories of left and right in order to get things done mussolinis and hitlers notsosecret admirers. Modern historysecond world war wikibooks, open books. A troubled youth with a history of violent incidents, mussolini was also an avid reader and student.
In 1932 mussolini wrote with the help of giovanni gentile and entry for the italian encyclopedia on the definition of fascism. This is not the fault of the author but of the man who seems to have been a puzzle to himself. The urge to write this book grew in me out of the bewilderment i experienced several years ago when in the course of checking dates and events for another book i began to discover the true mussolini, i thought i knew what he had been like, for i had lived in rome until 1938, when i came to the united states with my family, and mussolini had been in power sixteen years. An ardent anticleric, one of his most frequent targets was the catholic church, which he railed against in. Il duce, benito mussolini, was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism. Famed for his dictatorial style, his political cunning and admired initially by hitler, mussolini led the national fascist party and ruled italy as prime minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943.
Jan 25, 2014 historian david kertzer says the catholic church lent strength and legitimacy to mussolini s fascist regime. European history quarterly the book is one of the best books on italian fascism published in recent decades, and its impact will certainly be felt far beyond the study of modern italy. This text is part of the internet modern history sourcebook. It is intended to serve the needs of teachers and students in college survey courses in modern european history and american history, as well as in modern western civilization and. Mussolini wrote a littleknown romance novel biography. Nov 22, 2019 the book is a centuriesspanning look at how debutantes and their rituals, from the antebellum south to modern day russia, have shaped marriage and womanhood in america and abroad. Mussolini came to power after the march on rome in 1922, and. Within 24 hours he was executed by his captors, joining those he sent early to their graves as. Germany offered support to rome during and after the abyssinian crisis of the mid1930s. Students will study american history from postcivil war to the current day. Mussolini, doctrine of fascism 1932 benito mussolini 18831945 started his political life as a socialist and in 1912, was appointed editor of avanti, a leading socialist newspaper. In this thoroughly engaging history, duggan the force of destiny. His first target was abyssinia modernday ethiopia, one of the few african kingdoms not yet under european control.
What we can learn from the 20th centurys worst dictators. Mussolini and italian fascism fascismfalangismo and their. The pope and mussolini tells the story of two men who came to power in 1922, and together changed the course of twentiethcentury history. In this simulation students play the role of james spod, an. The fascist movement that has brought mussolini back to the. Books by benito mussolini author of the doctrine of fascism. Benito mussolini 18831945 over the course of his lifetime went from socialism he was editor of avanti, a socialist newspaper to the leadership of a new political movement called fascism after fasces, the symbol of bound sticks used a totem of power in ancient rome. Mussolini was an arrogant pseudointellectual who employed demagoguery and flattery to obtain and keep power. The architectural styles of rome are just as eternal as the city itself. This is a book that will stay in my reference library and one that i will. The book is a centuriesspanning look at how debutantes and their rituals, from the antebellum south to modernday russia, have shaped marriage and womanhood in. Biography of benito mussolini, italian fascist dictator. This is a rare book, so available for inlibrary use only. Mussolini and fascist italy interactive a brief overview of the main themes and the key events.