Among such viruses alfalfa mosaic virus was found to be widely distributed in alfalfa plants. This virus can naturally infect many herbaceous and some woody plant. Persistent chlorosis was a common symptom associated with amvinfected plants in the. Although its incidence in soybeangrowing regions in the united states is generally unknown, the virus was detected in 52% and 54% of soybean fields examined in nebraska in 2001 and 2002, and incidence levels of 30% or. Agronomic impact our experience over the past few years. Pdf first report of alfalfa mosaic virus infecting. The test is proven to detect over 18 amv isolates from all over the world. Alfalfa has a deeply penetrating taproot and the stems of the plant branch from a woody base, growing upright and erect or along the ground. Although adolf mayer 27 discovered the infectious nature of.
Rna 3 of alfalfa mosaic virus aimv encodes the movement protein p3 and the viral coat protein which is translated from the subgenomic rna 4. Extension plant pathology new mexico state university. Alfalfa mosaic virus has a wide host range including many common weed species. This virus was frequently found on the hosts nearby alfalfa plantation areas.
Infection of soybean glycine max plants inoculated with particles of. Caused by the alfalfa mosaic virus amv, this disease is generally of low importance in these crops but is notable and noticeable due to its striking symptoms. Agdia elisa reagent set for alfalfa mosaic virus amv. Evaluate the natural and artificial dispersal potential of the pest. Role of the alfalfa mosaic virus methyltransferaselike. Amv was isolated from potato plants and characterized. Pdf molecular characterization of alfalfa mosaic virus and its.
Complete nucleotide sequence of alfalfa mosaic virus rna 2. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv alfamovirus, bromoviridae has a wide host range, is distributed worldwide, and can be. Alfalfa mosaic virus on soybean in wisconsin wisconsin. Some physiological effects induced in the cowpea, vigna. Elimination of alfalfa mosaic virus amv from infected potato solanum tuberosum l. Pm40341 production of pathogentested herbaceous ornamentals. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv, also known as lucerne mosaic virus or potato calico virus, is a.
Transmission of alfalfa mosaic virus amv in same time and under rather similar conditions. In order to obtain a welldefined protein product, coat protein was only prepared from viral bottom component purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Alfalfa mosaic virus was detected in 24 forage legume species table 2. Rnas 1 and 2 of the tripartite genome of alfalfa mosaic virus amv encode the replicase proteins p1 and p2, respectively. Ziems, graduate research assistant, department of plant pathology, university of nebraskalincoln 685830722. Hold the plate upside down and tap firmly on a folded paper towel to remove excess. Occurrence of alfalfa mosaic virus in prince edward island pdf. Transmission by seed is the primary means of establishment of the virus while aphid transmission is more important for the subsequent spread in. Pathogenesis of alfalfa mosaic virus in soybean aps journals. In the past few years, alfalfa mosaic disease has been found and confirmed in a number of vegetable crops throughout california. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv was detected in the plant samples by using mechanical inoculation of test plants and serological tests.
The structure of alfalfa mosaic virus capsid protein. Alfalfa mosaic virus may cause yellow mottling or streaking on leaves, but at other times the symptoms are masked and leaves appear normal cucumber mosaic virus shows no symptoms in alfalfa. In most vegetable crops, amv causes a bright yellow mosaic, mottle, or calico multicolored appearance to. New hosts of alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, potato virus y, soybean dwarf virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus in new zealand j. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv, also known as lucerne mosaic virus or potato calico virus, is a worldwide distributed phytopathogen that can lead to necrosis and yellow mosaics on a large variety of plant species, including commercially important crops. Uc management guidelines for alfalfa mosaic on peppers. Coinfection of soybean with soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosaic virus results in disease synergism and alteration in accumulation level of both viruses. In the course of purifying alfalfa mosaic virus we have found that at least three kinds of macromolecular particles are produced by plants as a result of their.
Alfalfa, medicago sativa, is an herbaceous perennial in the plant family fabaceae peas and beans which is primarily grown as a forage crop which can be grazed by animals or harvested as hay to be used as an animal feed. Crystallization of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein as a t 1 aggregate. Gameteseed transmission of alfalfa mosaic virus and its. The treatment is usually removing, destroying, and not planting the same plant in its place. Aphids feed on infected alfalfa, acquire the virus, and transmit it to healthy potato plants. General symptoms of smv and amv infection are plant stunting, leaf distortion, rugosity and mottling, reduced pod numbers and seed discoloration. Incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus, bean pod mottle virus, and soybean mosaic virus in nebraska soybean fields. Alfalfa mosaic virus almv isolate 425 at 12 days after germination was monitored. Alfalfa diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Various isolates of alfalfa mosaic virus amv found throughout the world affect a wide variety of aromatic and. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv was for the first time detected in potato, peppers and alfalfa crops growing in north cyprus. Identification and some properties of alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus.
Introduction alfalfa medicago sativa, fabaceae is a very important forage legume having high nutrient value as compared to other plants. Soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosaic virus wisconsin. This elisa is a qualitative serological assay for detection of alfalfa mosaic virus amv in plant foliage. The presence of coat protein cp or the corresponding subgenomic rna is required for virus replication. Wash plate empty the wells into a sink or waste container. Under field conditions, alfalfa plants are subjected to infection with many viruses which have been shown to cause great economic losses.
Alfalfa mosaic virus amv particles have a bacilliform structure with a diameter of 19 nm and a length varying from 30 to 56 nm hull, 1969. Transgenic white clover plants ectopically expressing the viral coat protein gene encoded by the subgenomic rna4 of amv were generated. Structure of a t 1 aggregate of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein seen at 4. It is the only alfamovirus of the bromoviridae family. Virusinfected plants, grown under greenhouse conditions, were. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv is an apparent emerging problem in soybean in the united states. Pdf occurrence of alfalfa mosaic virus amv diseases on. New hosts of alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus, potato virus y, soybean dwarf virus, and tomato spotted wilt virus in new zealand. Alfamovirus in the bromoviridae family of plant viruses. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv is found most commonly in pepper crops that have been planted near alfalfa, clover or other legumes.
These viruses have not been proven to be of economic importance in california alfalfa production. Identification, characterization, and molecular detection of alfalfa. Aphids need to feed on another infected plant to spread the. Samples from infected alfalfa gave positive results, while healthy plant gave negative result using dot blot hybridization assay. Given that three diseases that kill pachysandra look so similar, volutella, boxwood blight, and alfalfa mosaic virus, it may be necessary to send a sample to state college for a lab evaluation. Seasonal progression, symptom development, and yield effect of alfalfa mosaic virus epidemics on soybean in wisconsin. Alfalfa mosaic virus can be spread through transmission of sap thus disinfecting equipment used for pruning, shaping, and other operations is recommended to prevent the spread of this virus, especially when amvinfected lavender plants or weeds or other crokps are in or near the field.
Untranslated regions of alfalfa mosaic virus rnas in the formation of a transiently expressed replicase in plants and in the assembly of virions. Bol institute of molecular plant sciences, gorlaeus laboratories, leiden university, po box 9502, 2300 ra leiden, the netherlands summary taxonomy. This virus is found worldwide on a wide variety of cultivated plants and weed species, and. The disease is most prevalent a few rows into a tomato field near alfalfa. Pdf alfalfa mosaic virus alfmv was recorded on 21 hosts comprising of four field crops, 14 vegetables, one ornamental plant and two new. Triple antibody sandwich tas elisa capture reagent. Enation symptoms on tobacco induced by alfalfa mosaic virus. New zealand journal of crop and horticultural science, 293. Alfalfa mosaic virus infections of tomatoes generally occur when tomatoes are grown near alfalfa. Viral diseases, such as alfalfa mosaic virus amv, cause significant reductions in the productivity and vegetative persistence of white clover plants in the field.
Alfalfa mosaic virus is the only virus in the alfamovirus group and has a wide host range among weed and crop plants. Preparation of aljalja mosaic virus coat protein the alfalfamosaicvirus strain used in this work was amv 425 7. Aranzazu moreno, alberto fereres, in advances in virus research, 2012. Lines carrying a single copy of the transgene were analysed at the molecular, biochemical. Doublestranded cdna of in vitro polyadenylated alfalfa mosaic virus almv rna 2 has been cloned and sequenced. Most of the pachysandras are vegetatively propagated so it. Soybean mosaic virus smv and alfalfa mosaic virus amv are virus diseases of soybean that are transmitted by aphids as they feed on plant sap.
Alfalfa mosaic virus reagent set compound elisa, alkaline phosphatase label catalog number. The virus is transmitted by several species of aphids. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv is the type species of the genus alfamovirus and belongs to the family bromoviridae. It is vectored by multiple species of aphids and moves with infected seed. New hosts of alfalfa mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus. It is generally considered to be a minor threat to pepper production. Alfalfa mosaic virus in vegetable crops trical diagnostics. The virion is stabilized primarily by proteinrna interaction and thus is salt labile. Fill the wells completely with 1x pbst, and then quickly empty them again. Alfalfa fixes air free nitrogen into the soil, providing a poten. In this family, the tripartite rna genomes of bromo. This is the first report to demonstrate that the soybean aphid can vector tev and tvmv, two economically important tobacco viruses. Soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosaic virus badger. A virus consistently associated with infected plants was readily transmitted by sap inoculation to selected herbaceous plants.
Alfalfa mosaic virus an overview sciencedirect topics. In the course of purifying alfalfa mosaic virus we have found that at least three kinds of macromolecular particles are produced by plants as a result of their infection with the virus, and that. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv is the type member of the genus. Alfalfa mosaic virus is seedborne in alfalfa and most alfalfa fields are infected and provide a good inoculum source. An eggplant disease characterized by chlorotic veinbanding, oakleaf pattern, yellow blotches or mottle, leaf distortion and stunting is described. In vitro properties of the pachysandra virus were within limits for those reported for am v. The use of an oligodeoxyribonucleotide corresponding to the known sequence of the 5end of rna 2 to prime secondstrand dna synthesis, enabled us to construct the complete primary structure of almv rna 2. Alfalfa mosaic virus and lavender swifts gardening blog. Management in general, alfalfa mosaic virus is not a major problem in california peppers, although local alfalfa mosaic virus infections occur each year. Biological and molecular variability of alfalfa mosaic virus. Incidence of alfalfa mosaic virus, bean pod mottle virus. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv is in the genus alfamovirus and is spread by.
Pdf occurrence, distribution and properties of alfalfa mosaic virus. P1 contains a methyltransferaselike domain in its nterminal half, which has a putative role in capping the viral rnas. First report of alfalfa mosaic virus infecting tedera bituminaria bituminosa l. Alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus amv causing disease in tomato lycopersicon esculentum mill. Alfalfa mosaic virus amv000documents eppo global database. Alfalfa mosaic virus is a widecspread, common virus r infecting a variety of plants and consisting of many strains that differ in symptomatology on various hosts hull, 1969. Occurrence of alfalfa mosaic virus on brinjal in india. The virus was transmitted mechanically, through aphis gossypii in a nonpersistent manner, and by dodder but not through seed.