Dengue pronounced dengee fever is a painful, debilitating mosquitoborne disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Around the time the fever begins to subside usually 37 days after symptom onset, the patient may develop warning signs of severe disease. Some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and. Pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever and its impact on. Mild dengue fever causes a high fever, rash, and muscle and joint pain. If symptoms are mild, they may be overlooked or assumed to be due to a mild influenza infection. A diagnosis of dengue fever can easily be missed or delayed in temperate or northern areas of the world, such as the u. Dengue viruses are among the leading causes of paediatric morbidity and mortality, and a cause of panic of epidemic proportions, in countries with populations. In patients with dengue fever, the etiology of abdominal pain should be aggressively looked into for proper management. Currently, dengue fever causes more illness and death than any other arbovirus disease of humans 124. World health organization, regional office for southeast asia. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Transmission from human to human is predominantly by the mosquito aedes aegypti, which bites in the daytime, is adapted to human habitats and has a preference for.
Pdf on jan 1, 2016, anum jaweria and others published dengue fever. Feb 16, 2018 dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever. D experimental inverstigations regarding the etiology of dengue fever, the journal of infectious diseases, volume. Dengue viral infections are one of the most important mosquito borne diseases in the world. Substantial gaps remain in the comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of dengue virus infections. Dengue shock syndrome dss may lead to hypovolemic shock. The author concludes that this fever is caused by a parasite very closely related to that believed to cause yellow fever leptospira icieroides, and that a search for a similar organism offers the most promising chance of demonstrating the causal agent. Evaluation of the tcell and bcellmediated immunity has shed light on some possible mechanisms.
In addition, the symptoms of dengue fever, such as fever and body aches, closely resemble symptoms of influenza. Studies upon the etiology of dengue fever europe pmc. It is transmitted by mosquitoes of the genus aedes, which are widely distributed in subtropical and tropical areas of the world see the image below. Dengue fever is common in tropical areas, so take extra precautions if you travel somewhere with this type of climate. Dengue is the most common and important arthropodborne viral arboviral illness in humans. In large part, this limitation is related to the lack of a suitable animal model of disease. Clinical implications and treatment of dengue core.
If you think you have dengue pdf icon pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Dengue fever is a viral infection that can cause lifethreatening illness, milder flulike illness, or no symptoms at all. During the next 150 years, epidemics of df occurred regularly and widely in most of the tropical areas of the world. Little was known of the etiology and transmission of the disease, however, until the turn of the 20th century, when the us army. Dengue viral infections postgraduate medical journal. This disease used to be called breakbone fever because it sometimes causes severe joint and muscle pain that feels like bones are breaking. Thrombocytopenia, preventitive, arbovirus, bleeding, hemorrhage introduction dengue fever df is the most common mosquitoborne human viral illness worldwide, and has rapidly spread to reach hyperendemic proportions in the urban tropics over the last quarter of a century. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. Dengue infection is caused by 4 antigenically distinct dengue virus serotypes. Complication of dengue fever can give rise to a more severe form, called dengue.
The presence of waterholding containers in and around the home needed for the mosquitos to complete their development sustains the reservoir for disease and is a risk factor. Dengue is the most extensively spread mosquitoborne disease, transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes of aedes species. Dengue fever is a common mosquitoborne illness in many tropical and subtropical countries. Aug 01, 2019 coinfection of chikungunya fever with dengue has been reported from yemen. Dengue is a vectorborne viral infection and a globally important public health problem. As both cell tropism and tissue tropism of denv are considered major. Dengue should be considered as the possible etiology. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj best. Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses. Clinical and serologic study of cuban children with dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss. A severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can cause severe bleeding, a sudden drop in blood pressure shock and death. Dengue serotype 2 epidemic, townsville, queensland, 19921993 dengue et dengue hemorragique. They are rna viruses that belong to the flavivirus genusflaviviridae family, which also includes the yellow fever virus, west nile virus, japanese encephalitis virus, zika virus, and the st louis encephalitis virus. In the western hemisphere, the aedes aegypti mosquito is the most important transmitter or vector of dengue viruses.
There have been multiple epidemics of dengue fever in the us in the 18th to early 20th centuries. Life cycle of the dengue fever virus hhmi biointeractive video duration. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. Pdf pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dengue hemorrhagic. Description of the clinical picture of dengue hemorrhagic feverdengue shock syndrome dhfdss in adults. Jun 28, 2019 symptoms, which usually begin four to six days after infection and last for up to 10 days, may include.
Dengue fever df is an old disease, having first been described in its epidemic form in the late 1700s 1, 2. Pdf epidemiology of dengue fever in india, based on. Etiology dengue is constituted by four serologically differentiable viral serotypes. Dengue denggey fever is a mosquitoborne disease that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. World health organization, regional office for southeast. After an absence of 56 years, dengue fever has reemerged in us states such as texas and hawaii. Dengue fever is an infectious disease carried by mosquitoes and caused by any of four related dengue viruses. A prospective nested casecontrol study of dengue in infants.
Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis, treatments and causes. Dengue fever df is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes aegypti mosquitoes with major public health consequences for millions of people around the world, and in particular the southeast asia and asiapacific regions of the world health organization who. Perubatan ud54 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Nutritional status of children with dengue hemorrhagic fever. The data from the vrdl network indicate dengue was the etiology in onefourth. Besides fever, the disease is characterized by an extreme pain in and stiffness of the joints hence the name breakbone fever. Treat the symptoms of dengue and see your healthcare provider. During the next 150 years, epidemics of df occurred regularly and widely in most of the tropical areas of the world 3.
Epidemiology of dengue fever in india, based on laboratory surveillance data, 20142017. Infection may be asymptomatic or present with a broad range of clinical manifestations including a mild febrile illness to a lifethreatening shock syndrome. The viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. Dengue disease varies from mild fever to severe conditions of dengue hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by infection with one of four dengue viruses denv transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes during the taking of a blood meal. To view the complete and current version, please refer to the dengue fever. Each year, an estimated 100 million cases of dengue fever and several hundred thousand cases of dhf occur, depending on epidemic activity 42, 45, 104. These viruses are related to the viruses that cause.
Mild epidemics are recorded to have visited philadelphia, new york and boston during warm weather. May 01, 2004 dengue fever df is an old disease, having first been described in its epidemic form in the late 1700s 1, 2. Confirmatory tests include viral antigen or nucleic acid detection and serology. Severe dengue fever is characterised by marked thrombocytopenia, severe haemorrhage, plasma leakage leading to shock or fluid accumulation with respiratory distress, and severe organ impairment. Dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome some patients with dengue fever go on to develop dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, a severe and sometimes fatal form of the disease. Summary much remains to be learned about the pathogenesis of the different manifestations of dengue virus denv infections in humans. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection.
Causes, prevention and recent advances find, read and cite all. The onset was sudden, often of a violent character, ushered in with severe headache and backache, vague pains throughout the body, and fever ranging from 101105f. Dengue virus infection may be asymptomatic or present as undifferentiated fever. Sep 17, 2010 aetiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis of dengue infection dr lee oi wah peg. According to the who criteria, dengue fever df, dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf, and dengue shock syndrome dss were observed in 30. Etiology of abdominal pain in dengue fever introduction india is an endemic country for dengue virus infection. The incidence of dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades, with estimates of 40%50% of the worlds. Etiology of abdomina l pain in dengue fever introduction india is an endemic country for dengue virus infection. In recent decades, the number of new cases of dengue has increased. In 20, a fifth serotype of dengue virus was detected from. Aetiology,pathophysiology and diagnosis of dengue infection.
In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also. Living or traveling to a region of the world where the infection is endemic is a risk factor for the disease. Endemic in more than 120 countries, particularly the southeast asian. Dengue, also called breakbone fever or dandy fever, acute, infectious, mosquitoborne fever that is temporarily incapacitating but rarely fatal.
Chikungunya virus infection has a clinical presentation that overlaps with that of ross river virus infection fever, rash, polyarthritis and dengue fever virus transmitted by the same mosquitoes. While it appears to be proved beyond question that. The dengue cases studied during this epidemic were, as a whole, typical examples of the disease. Experimental inverstigations regarding the etiology of.
Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. One study estimated that 50 million infections occur every year. Who, comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever, 2011. The severity of the pain led to the term breakbone fever to describe dengue. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Health experts have known about dengue fever for more than 200 years. Department of health and human services centers for. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne virus disease that has rapidly spread to several regions in recent times. Primary dengue shock syndrome associated with increased dengue 1 transmission dengue dengue hemorragique. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. Rhesus monkeys develop viremia similar in pattern to humans after dengue virus challenge but do not develop clinical disease. Dengue fever, abdominal pain, pancreatitis, appendicitis. Dengue fever symptoms, diagnosis and treatment bmj. The casual reader of textbooks on infectious diseases may gain the impression that dengue or breakbone fever is a malady confined to tropical and semitropical countries.